Click HERE to download the PDF version

Typically the inclusion and subsequent performance of multiple parameters ultimately determines the effectiveness of a raw material. In sunscreens, an optimal product likely possesses sufficient SPF and critical wavelength values for broad spectrum claims all while achieving pleasing aesthetics.

Overexposure of ultraviolet sun rays typically results in erythema, a visible marker of skin damage signified by redness of the skin. Wavelengths over a range of 290-400 nm are primarily responsible for erythema in human skin. Exposure to UV light in general enhances the risk of skin cancer development regardless if erythema of the skin is or is not present afterward. UVA rays comprise the vast majority of rays reaching the Earth’s surface year round since they are not blocked by clouds or the ozone layer. UVA penetrates deeper into the skin than UVB, reaching well into ...