HOWARD A. EPSTEIN

EMD Chemicals, One International Plaza, Suite 300, Philadelphia, PA 19113, USA

INTRODUCTION
The association of malnutrition and skin health has been observed for hundreds of years. Vitamins and trace elements were found to be essential for maintenance of skin health. In 1956 Denham Harman postulated that free radicals and reactive oxygen species (ROS) are associated with progressive biological damage that characterizes aging (1). This theory became known as the antioxidant theory and resulted in numerous publications and development of topical and nutritional products based on the antioxidant theory. Consistent with this theory free radicals and reactive oxygen species were considered harmful., The approach in product development was to formulate products with high antioxidant content to minimize the risk for chronic disease. More recently with advances in ... ...
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